Portugals Global Empire

Portugal is a small Western European country at the western tip of the Iberian Peninsula. Beginning in the 1400s, the Portuguese, led by explorers such as Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco de Gama and financed by the great Prince Henry the Navigator, sailed to, explored, and settled in South America, Africa, and Asia. Portugals empire, which survived for more than six centuries, was the first of the great European global empires and outlasted all others as well, surviving until 1999. Its former possessions are now across 50 countries around the world. The Portuguese created colonies for numerous reasons: To trade for spices, gold, agricultural products, and other resourcesTo create more markets for Portuguese goodsTo spread CatholicismTo civilize the natives of these distant places Portugals colonies brought great wealth to this small country. But the empire gradually declined, as it did for other colonizers, partly because Portugal did not have enough people or resources to maintain so many overseas territories. A move for independence among the colonies finally sealed its fate. Here are the most important former Portuguese possessions: Brazil Brazil  was by far Portugals largest colony by area and population. It was reached by the Portuguese in 1500 and was part of the  Treaty of Tordesillas, signed with Spain in 1494, allowing Portugal claim over Brazil. The Portuguese imported African slaves and forced them to grow sugar, tobacco, cotton, coffee, and other cash crops. The Portuguese also extracted brazilwood from the rainforest, which was used to dye European textiles. They also helped to explore and settle the vast interior of Brazil. In the 19th century, the royal court of Portugal lived in and governed both Portugal and Brazil from Rio de Janeiro. Brazil gained independence from Portugal in 1822. Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea-Bissau In the 1500s, Portugal colonized the present-day west African country of Guinea-Bissau and the two southern African countries of Angola and Mozambique.   The Portuguese enslaved many people from these countries and sent them to the New World. Gold and diamonds were also extracted from these colonies. In the 20th century, Portugal was under international pressure to release its colonies, but Portugals dictator, Antonio Salazar, refused to decolonize. Several independence movements in these three African countries erupted into the Portuguese Colonial War of the 1960s and 1970s, which killed tens of thousands and was associated with communism and the Cold War. In 1974, a military coup in Portugal forced Salazar out of power, and the new government of Portugal ended the unpopular and expensive war. Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea-Bissau gained independence in 1975. All three countries were underdeveloped, and civil wars in the decades after independence took millions of lives. More than a million refugees from these three countries emigrated to Portugal after independence and strained the Portuguese economy. Cape Verde and Sao Tome and Principe Cape Verde and Sao Tome and Principe, two small archipelagos located off the western coast of Africa, were also colonized by the Portuguese. (Sao Tome and Principe are two small islands making up a single country.) They were uninhabited before the Portuguese arrived and were used in the slave trade. They both achieved independence from Portugal in 1975. Goa, India In the 1500s, the Portuguese colonized the western Indian region of Goa. Goa, located on the Arabian Sea, was an important port in spice-rich India. In 1961, India annexed Goa from the Portuguese and it became an Indian state. Goa has many Catholic adherents in primarily Hindu India. East Timor The Portuguese also colonized the eastern half of the island of Timor in the 16th century. In 1975, East Timor declared independence from Portugal, but the island was invaded and annexed by Indonesia. East Timor became independent in 2002. Macau In the 16th century, the Portuguese colonized Macau, on the South China Sea. Macau served as an important Southeast Asian trading port. The Portuguese empire ended when Portugal handed over control of Macau to China in 1999. Portuguese Language Portuguese, a Romance language, is spoken by 260 million people, with between 215 million and 220 million native speakers. It is the sixth most spoken language in the world. It is the official language of Portugal, Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, Sao Tome and Principe, and East Timor. It is also spoken in Macau and Goa. It is one of the official languages of the European Union, the African Union, and the Organization of American States. Brazil, with more than 207 million people (July 2017 estimate), is the most populated Portuguese-speaking country in the world. Portuguese is also spoken in the Azores Islands and the Madeira Islands, two archipelagos that still belong to Portugal. Historic Portuguese Empire The Portuguese excelled in exploration and trade for centuries. The countrys former colonies, spread across continents, have varying areas, populations, geographies, histories, and cultures. The Portuguese tremendously affected their colonies politically, economically, and socially. The empire has been criticized for being exploitative, neglectful, and racist. Some colonies still suffer from high poverty and instability, but their valuable natural resources, combined with current diplomatic relations with and assistance from Portugal, may improve the living conditions of these numerous countries. The Portuguese language will always be an important connector of these countries and a reminder of how vast and significant the Portuguese empire once was. Sources â€Å"Portuguese Empire: 1415 - 1999 - Oxford Reference.†Ã‚  Oxford Reference - Answers with Authority, 24 Sept. 2013.Prothero, and Foreign Office. â€Å"The Formation of the Portuguese Colonial Empire.†Ã‚  WDL RSS, H.M. Stationery Office, 1 Jan. 1970.

Rhetorical Analysis Of A More Perfect Union - 962 Words

Barack Obama’s speech on what America needs in â€Å"A More Perfect Union† is really what any politician would say in the midst of running for President. He tries to stay focused on what the struggles are in America and then tries to make promises he couldn’t keep in the future. The trials and tribulations in this great country are really easy fixes if it wasn’t for greed, deceit, lies, treason, and crooked politicians that want more money to save their own hides while the rest of America starves. What American really needs is someone that can lead and keep to their promises in fixing this great nation’s important issues. The rhetorical appeals that were set forth in this speech were mainly, logos (logical thinking), ethos (ethics and moral connections) and pathos (focus on sadness and tragedy). First off, logos were all about logical thinking and the only logical thinking is that there are problems in American, major problems, that need to be addre ssed in order for us to live in harmony with each other in this nation. Ethos is the ethics and morals of the American people that if we fix the root of the problem, which Obama sees it as a one nation type problem, but in all reality that it’s not just one rooted problem, it branches upon branches of problems that stemmed from our racial background as immigrants to North America. Obama displays pathos situations a lot in this article he produced. Pathos comes down to playing on the heart strings of America to try and relate that ourShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of A More Perfect Union 1162 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis Essay â€Å"A More Perfect Union†: Obama, Race, and the Necessity to Unite Philadelphia, March 2008. Neither that city nor year suggests a crucial event in American racial history. 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The Process of Growing Up Free Essays

â€Å"The process of growing up is when you discover the strength within you survives all the hurt†. It was that last hot summer day of sixth grade, walking home from school as usual being so excited to finally move on and become a seventh grader. While walking home I still remember I had that feeling of joy and happiness to think wow moving up to seventh grade next school year and the enjoyment of growing up a little bit more. We will write a custom essay sample on The Process of Growing Up or any similar topic only for you Order Now Seeing how it was going to be summer break. It was a normal and more than perfect day to actually go home from school without a care in the world. When walking up to my house, I saw the green Ford truck all packed up with our belongings; I thought well, â€Å"when we decided to move†? I was analyzing and questioning all the possibilities of why that truck was loaded up with things that both belonged to my mom and stepdad. As soon as I stepped in the house I knew there was something terribly wrong. I walked throughout my house seeing everything turned upside down, smashed, thrown around everywhere and destroyed all to pieces. As a sixth grade little girl I didn’t know how to react or even know what to think. All I really knew was someone obviously wasn’t happy and that same person was moving out. At this point my mom was basically the â€Å"house wife† that cooked, cleaned and did all the motherly things. While my stepdad worked and made the money. They both had their hands full with four kids and still being able to maintain their marriage and relationship. But as you can see their marriage wasn’t at all perfect, everything down fell from there. My stepdad left us with nothing; took just about everything that was in our house. The only thing we had left was our toys and rooms. Coming home and seeing my house destroyed in every way is when I knew at that point nothing is going to be the same and knowing my stepdad was moving out was not one of the best things for any of my family’s lives. Since my mom didn’t work she had to get a job in order to support four kids including a roof over our heads, food and clothing on our backs. This was the turning point of many emotions, anger, disgust and hatred but at the same time this one thing helped me grow in strength, maturity and even responsibility towards myself, making me who I am today. Devastated as I was, my mom had to work nights as a bartender meaning she was never home with me at night and me being the oldest resulted in me having to watch my brothers and sister. Emotions were running high in my family, but from then on watching my little brothers and sister was my job, didn’t really have a huge social life, I found my world spiraling. All of these effects that took place when my stepdad decided to move out really had this huge impact on my life. While trying to take care of my brother and sister, I found myself having to grow up more and more every day. The responsibilities that were involved were more than I could ever handle at that time. Working hard to help out my mom and getting through the emotions of my stepdad leaving was the most life learned experience I’ve ever had to go through. The hardest time in my life by far. As a result of that time, I can say now it really made me a better person in every way imaginable. As time went on it eventually resolved itself, making me more responsible than ever; my maturity enlarged immensely and just that experience alone makes me a grateful person now. Seeing how people can destruct something they once loved including their family really made me realize how lucky our family was without him. Although this experience was at rock bottom at the beginning it ended up working out for the better. In a way that I got a chance to realize something’s on my own and not to only depend on my parents. Just of the simple fact that I learned to have responsibilities. Which in the end really helps me now and for in my future. Having to grow up too fast was the most challenging thing in my life. My family and I survived all the heartbreak that came from my stepdad leaving but now actually being eighteen, I can say it was really worth him leaving. With that being said; â€Å"The process of growing up is when you discover the strength within you survives all the hurt†. How to cite The Process of Growing Up, Essays

Ethical Requirements Cross Cultural Management

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Requirements for Cross Cultural Management. Answer: Introduction: Being an individual of the 21st century, I am open for an overseas job. Now, I know for professional growth, I need to develop an inclination towards knowing the world beyond my cultural boundaries. Hence, to be aware of my own capabilities and areas those need further improvement I participated in an online quiz. It has provided me a significant level of insight into my preparation for the multicultural work environment. Moreover, the UCD program is also helping me in making myself a progressive and understanding individual of this multicultural world. My university has helped me in creating the ability of a persuasive manager and an empathetic leader to work successfully in a multicultural workplace. Discussion on how ready I am for a future where more and more activity involves multiple cultures? With the help of that quiz, I realized that the socio- political context of my country and my educational facilities has helped me in developing the knowledge of two different languages. In this multi-cultural world, it is important for us to communicate effectively with people from various ends of this world. However, I have the ambition to work in France. With my insight upon myself, I realized that my knowledge of my native language and English would not be enough for being successful in France. Hence, in next two days, I am going to take a class on French for five months in a national organization. It will help me in understanding and interact with the people more effectively. Moreover, in this multicultural world, the international companies also want employees to be competent to communicate in different languages. Hence, it will be helpful for me to effectively communicate and become more efficient in handling the cross- cultural dilemmas. With the help of that particular quiz, I have realized that I will be able to face the socio- cultural challenges that a diverse workplace places for its employees, with my inclination towards facing the workplace challenges. Moreover, my ambition of obtaining a position which will give me the opportunity to handle, persuade and manage people, will be helpful for me in personally preparing for the future multicultural workplaces. Gathering knowledge about various cultures can be identified as one of my passions. My passion of interacting with people coming from the varied cultural background will prepare me to be aware of the cultural varieties and tolerant of varied customs and values. This personal interest has made me internally competent for working in a multi-cultural working environment. With the help of the quiz I participated in, I realized that to be successful in the diversified cultural workplace; I need to be in contact with the people from various cultures. It helps a person to be aware of the cultural values of different societies. However, I belong from a suburban area in Singapore. I do not have a much contact with people coming from multicultural backgrounds. However, I respect the importance of the knowledge and the inclination of learning of the cultural value of other societies. Hence, to eliminate my inability to be in contact with diverse cultural people, I try to gather knowledge by reading books, making friends in UCD and surfing the internet about the business culture of the European countries. By gathering knowledge about the cultural values of those nations, I will be able to fulfill my ambition of working in a different society with a different culture. The quiz has given me the realization that my love for traveling and experiencing the challenges in the field works will also be helpful for me while I will be working in a multicultural workplace. Hence, it is important for me to indulge in this quality. I am conforming to that idea by taking trips to various nations. Last month I went to India and took participation in a volunteering project for uplifting the standard of living of the slum dwellers in Mumbai. It has helped me to get an idea about the cultural values of that country. Moreover, the cultural challenges I felt liking dressing as per the cultural norms, addressing the older people with certain respectful terms and many more has provided me a great experience of working in the field. Thus, this particular quiz has assisted me to be aware of my ability to work in the multicultural world and depending on the insight, I am preparing myself for the future world of multicultural dimensions. Discussion on how is UCD doing in helping prepare me for a future where different cultures have different ideas of corporate social responsibility and ethics: The UCD is helping me to be more liberal and competent to work in a multicultural business world. With my faculty of understanding the contradictory ideas of different cultural values, this business school is assisting me with knowledge of the strategies to be successful with the cultural variety in the international business sectors. As a business school, the UCD is helping me out by making me aware of the strategies of managing multiculturalism in the workplace. With the relevant business courses, the UCD has made me understand the importance of corporate social responsibility in the successful management of multicultural businesses. However, with the course of my study in UCD, I have understood that the cross- cultural attitude of corporate social responsibility talks about the idea that the expectations and orientations of different stakeholders about the social responsibilities may differ across borders, from one culture to the other. Hence, the UCD has helped me with the knowle dge that while declaring the CSR strategies the management need to consider the cultural requirements of the stakeholders. The program of UCD has helped me in identifying that it is the ethical need of the organization to treat the employees without any cultural biases while proving the organizational training and facilities. The UCD has helped me by educating me the strategies of creating organizational policies depending on the external and internal environmental variables. By providing a sense of responsible corporate culture and ethical guidelines of corporate governance, the UCD is preparing me for working in the multicultural organizations. Moreover, the environment of the university has helped me to be aware of the advantage of multicultural dimension in a certain organization. UCD has helped me by providing theoretical and practical knowledge of managing diversity in the workplace. UCD has taught me how to integrate the ethical requirements of corporate social responsibility in the strategic management of the organization with the varied perspective of the multicultural requirements. Conclusion: With the hep of the self-assessment, I participated, I have acquired a self-knowledge about my ability to work in diversified work culture. My circumstances are not being much helpful for me to make me connected to the multicultural context. However, I am giving my full effort for preparing myself for a multicultural working environment in an overseas country. I need to develop the knowledge of different languages and creating more awareness of different cultures to be successful in the multicultural world of business. My university is also helping me out with the importance of an understanding of the multicultural workplaces, the varied and cross- cultural idea of corporate social responsibility, corporate governance, and organizational ethics. Thus, I will be successful in preparing myself for the multicultural world of the coming future.

Ethical Requirements Cross Cultural Management

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Requirements for Cross Cultural Management. Answer: Introduction: Being an individual of the 21st century, I am open for an overseas job. Now, I know for professional growth, I need to develop an inclination towards knowing the world beyond my cultural boundaries. Hence, to be aware of my own capabilities and areas those need further improvement I participated in an online quiz. It has provided me a significant level of insight into my preparation for the multicultural work environment. Moreover, the UCD program is also helping me in making myself a progressive and understanding individual of this multicultural world. My university has helped me in creating the ability of a persuasive manager and an empathetic leader to work successfully in a multicultural workplace. Discussion on how ready I am for a future where more and more activity involves multiple cultures? With the help of that quiz, I realized that the socio- political context of my country and my educational facilities has helped me in developing the knowledge of two different languages. In this multi-cultural world, it is important for us to communicate effectively with people from various ends of this world. However, I have the ambition to work in France. With my insight upon myself, I realized that my knowledge of my native language and English would not be enough for being successful in France. Hence, in next two days, I am going to take a class on French for five months in a national organization. It will help me in understanding and interact with the people more effectively. Moreover, in this multicultural world, the international companies also want employees to be competent to communicate in different languages. Hence, it will be helpful for me to effectively communicate and become more efficient in handling the cross- cultural dilemmas. With the help of that particular quiz, I have realized that I will be able to face the socio- cultural challenges that a diverse workplace places for its employees, with my inclination towards facing the workplace challenges. Moreover, my ambition of obtaining a position which will give me the opportunity to handle, persuade and manage people, will be helpful for me in personally preparing for the future multicultural workplaces. Gathering knowledge about various cultures can be identified as one of my passions. My passion of interacting with people coming from the varied cultural background will prepare me to be aware of the cultural varieties and tolerant of varied customs and values. This personal interest has made me internally competent for working in a multi-cultural working environment. With the help of the quiz I participated in, I realized that to be successful in the diversified cultural workplace; I need to be in contact with the people from various cultures. It helps a person to be aware of the cultural values of different societies. However, I belong from a suburban area in Singapore. I do not have a much contact with people coming from multicultural backgrounds. However, I respect the importance of the knowledge and the inclination of learning of the cultural value of other societies. Hence, to eliminate my inability to be in contact with diverse cultural people, I try to gather knowledge by reading books, making friends in UCD and surfing the internet about the business culture of the European countries. By gathering knowledge about the cultural values of those nations, I will be able to fulfill my ambition of working in a different society with a different culture. The quiz has given me the realization that my love for traveling and experiencing the challenges in the field works will also be helpful for me while I will be working in a multicultural workplace. Hence, it is important for me to indulge in this quality. I am conforming to that idea by taking trips to various nations. Last month I went to India and took participation in a volunteering project for uplifting the standard of living of the slum dwellers in Mumbai. It has helped me to get an idea about the cultural values of that country. Moreover, the cultural challenges I felt liking dressing as per the cultural norms, addressing the older people with certain respectful terms and many more has provided me a great experience of working in the field. Thus, this particular quiz has assisted me to be aware of my ability to work in the multicultural world and depending on the insight, I am preparing myself for the future world of multicultural dimensions. Discussion on how is UCD doing in helping prepare me for a future where different cultures have different ideas of corporate social responsibility and ethics: The UCD is helping me to be more liberal and competent to work in a multicultural business world. With my faculty of understanding the contradictory ideas of different cultural values, this business school is assisting me with knowledge of the strategies to be successful with the cultural variety in the international business sectors. As a business school, the UCD is helping me out by making me aware of the strategies of managing multiculturalism in the workplace. With the relevant business courses, the UCD has made me understand the importance of corporate social responsibility in the successful management of multicultural businesses. However, with the course of my study in UCD, I have understood that the cross- cultural attitude of corporate social responsibility talks about the idea that the expectations and orientations of different stakeholders about the social responsibilities may differ across borders, from one culture to the other. Hence, the UCD has helped me with the knowle dge that while declaring the CSR strategies the management need to consider the cultural requirements of the stakeholders. The program of UCD has helped me in identifying that it is the ethical need of the organization to treat the employees without any cultural biases while proving the organizational training and facilities. The UCD has helped me by educating me the strategies of creating organizational policies depending on the external and internal environmental variables. By providing a sense of responsible corporate culture and ethical guidelines of corporate governance, the UCD is preparing me for working in the multicultural organizations. Moreover, the environment of the university has helped me to be aware of the advantage of multicultural dimension in a certain organization. UCD has helped me by providing theoretical and practical knowledge of managing diversity in the workplace. UCD has taught me how to integrate the ethical requirements of corporate social responsibility in the strategic management of the organization with the varied perspective of the multicultural requirements. Conclusion: With the hep of the self-assessment, I participated, I have acquired a self-knowledge about my ability to work in diversified work culture. My circumstances are not being much helpful for me to make me connected to the multicultural context. However, I am giving my full effort for preparing myself for a multicultural working environment in an overseas country. I need to develop the knowledge of different languages and creating more awareness of different cultures to be successful in the multicultural world of business. My university is also helping me out with the importance of an understanding of the multicultural workplaces, the varied and cross- cultural idea of corporate social responsibility, corporate governance, and organizational ethics. Thus, I will be successful in preparing myself for the multicultural world of the coming future.